PANDORA INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.
Where Chemistry Meets Excellence
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Importer in India
Pandora Industries is a trusted importer of Glyoxylic Acid 50% solution in India, serving manufacturers across the pharmaceutical intermediate, agrochemical, personal care, flavour and fragrance, and electroplating industries. Supplied as a stable aqueous solution at 50% w/w concentration, our Glyoxylic Acid is sourced from internationally certified producers and backed by full quality documentation including Certificate of Analysis and Safety Data Sheet. With reliable import channels, competitive pricing, and prompt availability, Pandora Industries is a dependable procurement partner for Glyoxylic Acid 50% across India.
About Glyoxylic Acid 50%
Glyoxylic Acid is the simplest aldehyde acid, carrying both an aldehyde group (-CHO) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) on a two-carbon backbone, giving it the formal IUPAC name oxoacetic acid. First described in the mid-nineteenth century, it occurs naturally in unripe fruits, green plants, and as a metabolic intermediate in the glyoxylate cycle — a biochemical pathway found in bacteria, fungi, and plants that allows organisms to convert fats into carbohydrates. Industrially, Glyoxylic Acid is produced primarily through the oxidation of glyoxal using nitric acid, or alternatively through the ozonolysis of maleic acid, with both routes yielding high-purity product suitable for pharmaceutical and fine chemical synthesis. Commercially, Glyoxylic Acid is handled and traded almost exclusively as an aqueous solution, most commonly at 50% w/w concentration, because the anhydrous solid is hygroscopic and thermally unstable, tending to oligomerise and polymerise on concentration. The 50% aqueous solution is a pale yellow to colourless liquid that is stable under ambient conditions for extended periods when stored appropriately. In aqueous solution, the aldehyde group is predominantly hydrated to form the geminal diol (2,2-dihydroxyacetic acid), which exists in equilibrium with the free aldehyde form — a characteristic that profoundly influences its reactivity in synthesis applications. The dual functional group architecture of Glyoxylic Acid — an electrophilic aldehyde and an acidic carboxylate — makes it an exceptionally reactive and versatile building block in organic synthesis. It undergoes condensation reactions, reductive amination, Strecker-type reactions, and coupling chemistry with a wide range of nucleophiles, making it indispensable in the synthesis of amino acids, heterocyclic compounds, arylglycines, and mandelic acid derivatives. This reactivity profile, combined with the commercial availability of the 50% solution at industrial scale, underpins its widespread adoption across pharmaceutical API synthesis routes. Pandora Industries imports Glyoxylic Acid 50% in 200 Kgs Drums from established global producers, maintaining cold-chain awareness and documentation integrity throughout the import and distribution process. Every consignment is accompanied by a full Certificate of Analysis specifying assay, pH, colour, and chloride content. Our supply discipline ensures that pharmaceutical and specialty chemical manufacturers in India receive a product that meets their stringent in-process quality requirements without batch-to-batch variability.
Applications of Glyoxylic Acid 50%
Glyoxylic Acid 50% is a high-value chemical intermediate with clearly documented, high-volume industrial uses across synthesis, agriculture, personal care, and surface treatment sectors. Set out below are its principal areas of industrial application.
Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis
Glyoxylic Acid 50% is one of the most commercially important pharmaceutical building blocks, serving as the direct precursor in the industrial synthesis of several high-volume active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates. Most notably, it is the key starting material for the synthesis of D,L-Mandelic Acid via condensation with benzene, and for para-Hydroxyphenylglycine (4-HPGA) — a critical intermediate in the production of the semi-synthetic antibiotics Amoxicillin and Ampicillin. The global consumption of Glyoxylic Acid is substantially driven by this antibiotic intermediate route. Its bifunctional reactivity enables efficient single-step coupling with aromatic substrates under mild conditions, making it economically and technically superior to alternative synthetic routes for these targets. (CAS 298-12-4, PubChem CID 757)
Agrochemical Synthesis — Glyphosate Production
Glyoxylic Acid plays a pivotal role in one of the major industrial synthesis routes for Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), the world's most widely used broad-spectrum herbicide. In the Monsanto-developed reductive amination route adopted by several global producers, Glyoxylic Acid reacts with glyphosate precursor components in a key condensation step. The scale of global glyphosate demand — running to hundreds of thousands of tonnes annually — means that Glyoxylic Acid consumption for this application alone represents a significant share of world production. Manufacturers sourcing Glyoxylic Acid 50% for agrochemical synthesis benefit from its ready availability as a stable liquid and its high atom efficiency in the reaction sequence.
Hair Care — Active Ingredient in Hair Straightening
Glyoxylic Acid has emerged as the primary active ingredient in a widely adopted class of professional hair straightening and smoothing treatments marketed as formaldehyde-free alternatives to traditional keratin straightening systems. In these treatments, Glyoxylic Acid reacts with the amino groups of keratin proteins in the hair shaft under heat activation, forming cross-links that restructure the hair's natural curl pattern and improve surface smoothness. Concentrations of 2–10% Glyoxylic Acid in the treatment formulation are typically employed, with the 50% bulk solution serving as the concentrated stock from which salon and cosmetic manufacturers prepare their finished products. Regulatory acceptance of this technology has grown across the EU, Brazil, and India as a safer alternative to formaldehyde-based straighteners.
Flavour and Fragrance Industry — Vanillin Synthesis
Glyoxylic Acid 50% is a key intermediate in the industrial synthesis of Vanillin — the most widely used flavouring compound globally — via the Duff reaction pathway and related condensation routes involving guaiacol. In one commercially practised route, Glyoxylic Acid condenses with guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) under acidic conditions to form mandelic acid derivatives that are subsequently oxidised to Vanillin. This route is significant because it offers a phenol-independent pathway to Vanillin, diversifying raw material sourcing for flavour manufacturers. Vanillin produced through this chemistry is used in food, confectionery, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products globally, making Glyoxylic Acid a high-volume intermediate in the broader flavour and fragrance supply chain.
Electroplating and Surface Finishing
In the electroplating and metal finishing industry, Glyoxylic Acid is used as a reducing agent in electroless copper plating baths, where it serves as the principal reductant for the autocatalytic deposition of copper on non-conductive substrates such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and plastic components. It functions as a direct replacement for formaldehyde in these plating chemistries — offering comparable reducing power with a significantly improved occupational health and environmental profile, as formaldehyde is classified as a human carcinogen. The adoption of Glyoxylic Acid-based electroless copper baths has been driven by tightening workplace exposure regulations for formaldehyde in electronics manufacturing facilities across the EU, US, and increasingly in Asia.
Across pharmaceutical synthesis, herbicide production, hair care innovation, flavour chemistry, electronics manufacturing, and cosmetic active ingredient synthesis, Glyoxylic Acid 50% demonstrates an industrial reach that few chemical intermediates can match. Pandora Industries imports and supplies this high-value acid solution to meet the growing demands of these sectors reliably and competitively across India.
Technical Properties of Glyoxylic Acid 50%
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Alternative Names
Glyoxylic Acid is also known as Oxoacetic Acid, Oxalic Aldehyde Monohydrate, Glyoxalic Acid, Formylformic Acid, and 2-Oxoacetic Acid. Its IUPAC name is Oxoacetic Acid. In commercial and trade documentation, it is most commonly referred to as Glyoxylic Acid solution or Glyoxylic Acid 50% to indicate the aqueous solution concentration.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% CAS Number
The CAS Registry Number of Glyoxylic Acid is 298-12-4. This number applies to the pure acid and is universally used in procurement documentation, safety data sheets, regulatory submissions, and import declarations for both the anhydrous form and the commercial 50% aqueous solution.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Chemical Formula
The molecular formula of Glyoxylic Acid is C2H2O3. Its structural formula is OHC-COOH, reflecting the aldehyde and carboxylic acid groups on adjacent carbon atoms. In aqueous solution, the aldehyde group is predominantly hydrated to form the geminal diol HO-CH(OH)-COOH, which is the predominant species in the 50% commercial solution.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of anhydrous Glyoxylic Acid is 74.04 g/mol. In the 50% aqueous solution as commercially supplied, the active acid content is 50% w/w, corresponding to a concentration of approximately 675–680 g/L of Glyoxylic Acid at standard density. This concentration figure is the practically relevant specification for synthesis applications.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Appearance
Glyoxylic Acid 50% solution is a pale yellow to colourless, clear to slightly hazy liquid with a faint, slightly pungent acidic odour. Colour intensity may increase marginally over time due to trace oxidation or condensation reactions in the solution but does not indicate deterioration of acid content. The solution is free-flowing at ambient temperature and does not exhibit significant viscosity.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Melting Point
Anhydrous Glyoxylic Acid melts at approximately 98 °C (208 °F), though the anhydrous form is rarely encountered commercially. The 50% aqueous solution remains liquid well below 0 °C due to freezing point depression; its practical lower temperature limit for storage is approximately -5 °C to prevent phase separation or crystallisation of concentrated acid fractions. No freezing hazard exists under normal ambient Indian warehouse conditions.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Boiling Point
The boiling point of the 50% aqueous Glyoxylic Acid solution is approximately 103–106 °C at atmospheric pressure — slightly above that of pure water due to the dissolved acid load. The pure anhydrous acid has a reported boiling point of approximately 111 °C, though it tends to decompose on concentration at elevated temperature. Heating the solution above 80 °C for extended periods should be avoided to prevent dehydration, oligomerisation, and loss of active acid content.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Solubility
Glyoxylic Acid is infinitely miscible with water in all proportions and is also miscible with lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. It has limited solubility in non-polar organic solvents. The 50% commercial solution is a fully homogeneous, single-phase aqueous system at ambient temperature and remains so under normal storage conditions without phase separation.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Density
The density of Glyoxylic Acid 50% aqueous solution is approximately 1.25–1.27 g/cm³ at 20 °C. This density specification is important for calculating drum fill volumes, pump sizing, and reaction charge weights in synthesis operations. The 200 Kgs net content drum supplied by Pandora Industries contains approximately 157–160 litres of solution at this density.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Stability
Glyoxylic Acid 50% solution is stable under ambient temperature conditions when stored in sealed containers away from heat, light, and strong oxidising or reducing agents. The solution undergoes slow self-condensation at elevated temperatures or under prolonged storage at high ambient temperatures, which can increase colour and viscosity over time without significantly reducing acid assay. It is incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidising agents, and reactive metals. Shelf life under recommended storage conditions is typically 12 months from date of manufacture.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Storage Direction
Store Glyoxylic Acid 50% solution in a cool, dry, dark, and well-ventilated area in tightly closed containers, away from heat, direct sunlight, strong oxidising agents, strong bases, and reactive metals. Avoid storage at temperatures above 30 °C for extended periods. Containers should remain sealed when not in use to prevent moisture exchange and contamination.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Packaging
Standard Packaging of Glyoxylic Acid 50% is 200 Kgs Drum. Custom Bulk Packaging for Glyoxylic Acid 50% is available on special request.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% COA
Please email us at sales@pandoraindia.com to get the COA of Glyoxylic Acid 50%. Alternatively, you can WhatsApp us at +91-8130322369 for the specifications of Glyoxylic Acid 50%.
Glyoxylic Acid 50% Price
Please email us at sales@pandoraindia.com about your requirements. Alternatively, you can give us a call at +91-8130322369 or +91-9312213216 between 10AM to 6PM, Monday to Friday. We will try to get back to you with a quotation for high quality Glyoxylic Acid 50% at the earliest.
Beyond Glyoxylic Acid 50%, Pandora Industries maintains a focused portfolio of pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemical building blocks, and specialty chemical solutions for India's growing fine chemical and formulation manufacturing sector. As domestic API and agrochemical production continues to expand, our import supply capabilities are structured to provide reliable, documentation-complete access to high-value chemical inputs that are not always readily available through conventional domestic channels. Contact us to discuss your intermediate sourcing requirements.
Pandora Industries Pvt. Ltd. is an importer, supplier and distributor of Glyoxylic Acid 50% in India